1 00:00:39,665 --> 00:00:42,876 Good day everyone! My name is Elaine Marcilla

2 00:00:42,918 --> 00:00:48,548 and today, I will be doing a presentation on "General Ethical Practices Online".

3 00:00:48,590 --> 00:00:54,638 Ethics is the study of the basic concepts and fundamental principles of human conduct.

4 00:00:54,680 --> 00:01:01,270 Being ethical means being faced with options and choosing the option that is morally right,

5 00:01:01,311 --> 00:01:05,148 or that option which aligns with your moral principles.

6 00:01:05,190 --> 00:01:10,445 First, I will be discussing some guiding principles in being ethical

7 00:01:10,487 --> 00:01:16,576 that will hopefully help you reflect and start being critical of your decisions online.

8 00:01:16,618 --> 00:01:21,373 So, Mike Ribble developed the key elements of Digital Citizenship,

9 00:01:21,415 --> 00:01:25,752 which is the term they use to define responsible use of technology,

10 00:01:25,794 --> 00:01:29,506 and I found them to be very useful for our purposes.

11 00:01:29,548 --> 00:01:31,133 R.. E.. P

12 00:01:31,174 --> 00:01:33,677 Respect, educate and protect

13 00:01:33,719 --> 00:01:42,060 Number 1 is RESPECT. We all need to remember that our use of technology can and will affect others.

14 00:01:42,102 --> 00:01:47,107 So, always remember to respect others the way you want to be respected.

15 00:01:47,149 --> 00:01:52,487 Number 2 is EDUCATE. We learn new things on the internet everyday

16 00:01:52,529 --> 00:01:57,242 but we need to keep in mind that not everything we see online is correct.

17 00:01:57,284 --> 00:02:01,663 We should always be critical of everything that we see online.

18 00:02:01,705 --> 00:02:05,667 Number 3, and last but not the least, is PROTECT.

19 00:02:05,709 --> 00:02:11,798 We all need to be aware of our rights and responsibilities when using technology.

20 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:16,887 So, always be on guard and be responsible for your own security.

21 00:02:16,928 --> 00:02:19,181 Next, I want us to go through

22 00:02:19,222 --> 00:02:23,977 the 10 Commandments for Computer Ethics which was introduced by Ramon Barquin

23 00:02:24,019 --> 00:02:28,106 in an attempt to create a set of standards to guide others.

24 00:02:28,148 --> 00:02:30,192 Don't harm other people.

25 00:02:30,233 --> 00:02:33,987 don't post that insulting comment on another person's post.

26 00:02:34,029 --> 00:02:37,991 You never know what harm your hurtful words can cause.

27 00:02:38,033 --> 00:02:41,161 Don't interfere with other people's work.

28 00:02:41,203 --> 00:02:46,041 So, don't cheat on a competitive game just because you don't want to lose.

29 00:02:46,083 --> 00:02:50,962 Rewards should be earned on your own, and not by stepping on others.

30 00:02:51,004 --> 00:02:54,466 Don't snoop around in other people's files.

31 00:02:54,508 --> 00:03:00,180 Don't read your friend's facebook messages just because your friend forgot to log out

32 00:03:00,222 --> 00:03:02,891 Don't steal, don't lie.

33 00:03:02,933 --> 00:03:07,813 Don't pretend to be someone else just so you can ruin someone's reputation.

34 00:03:07,854 --> 00:03:10,690 Posting untrue things about someone,

35 00:03:10,732 --> 00:03:15,028 or even just posting without confirming the information's validity,

36 00:03:15,070 --> 00:03:18,365 can cause huge problems for the other person.

37 00:03:18,407 --> 00:03:23,120 Don't use pirated software or appropriate someone else's work.

38 00:03:23,161 --> 00:03:28,458 If you want to use something, pay for it or ask permission.

39 00:03:28,500 --> 00:03:31,294 It's not fair to the creators otherwise.

40 00:03:31,336 --> 00:03:36,258 You don't know how much effort they put into that. And lastly,

41 00:03:36,299 --> 00:03:42,764 always think about the consequences and ensure consideration and respect for others.

42 00:03:42,806 --> 00:03:48,728 These rules may be simple and for a lot of people, common sense, and they are.

43 00:03:48,770 --> 00:03:53,859 However, it's always important to build your foundation on basic principles.

44 00:03:53,900 --> 00:03:58,029 Sometimes, a good, solid reminder is all we need.

45 00:03:58,071 --> 00:04:02,951 Now, why is it so difficult to be ethical online?

46 00:04:02,993 --> 00:04:04,744 There is this thing called

47 00:04:04,786 --> 00:04:07,372 the Online Disinhibition Effect.

48 00:04:07,414 --> 00:04:10,834 This refers to the lack of restraint one feels

49 00:04:10,876 --> 00:04:15,380 when communicating online compared to communicating in person.

50 00:04:15,422 --> 00:04:16,965 There are two kinds

51 00:04:17,007 --> 00:04:19,134 Benign and Toxic

52 00:04:19,176 --> 00:04:25,640 Benign online disinhibition refers to behaviour in which people might self-disclose

53 00:04:25,682 --> 00:04:28,727 more on the internet than they would in real life,

54 00:04:28,769 --> 00:04:33,023 or go out of their way to help someone or show kindness.

55 00:04:33,064 --> 00:04:39,821 Toxic disinhibition, on the other hand, describes behaviour that includes rude language,

56 00:04:39,863 --> 00:04:46,328 threats, and other inappropriate behaviour that a person would generally not do in real life.

57 00:04:46,369 --> 00:04:53,668 A lot of people do unethical things online because they don't think of the implications of what they are doing.

58 00:04:53,710 --> 00:04:57,130 A big part of this is being anonymous online.

59 00:04:57,172 --> 00:05:01,218 It's easy to believe that "no one will know what you do online".

60 00:05:01,259 --> 00:05:06,681 There is less fear of detection and thus, less fear of punishment.

61 00:05:06,723 --> 00:05:11,269 Moreover, communications online are more impersonal.

62 00:05:11,311 --> 00:05:16,733 It makes it difficult to see and feel the impact you have on other people.

63 00:05:16,775 --> 00:05:22,739 In person, when you insult someone, you can easily see on their face that they're hurt.

64 00:05:22,781 --> 00:05:27,619 There's no such thing online because we are all behind our computer screens.

65 00:05:27,661 --> 00:05:33,124 This leads to a lack of empathy which then leads to bad behaviour online.

66 00:05:33,166 --> 00:05:37,003 But what kind of bad behaviour can we see online?

67 00:05:37,045 --> 00:05:41,758 Here are some of the unethical practices you may encounter online:

68 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,928 First, Flaming or flame wars.

69 00:05:44,970 --> 00:05:49,266 These are online fights with offensive and hostile language.

70 00:05:49,307 --> 00:05:51,810 It's normal for people to disagree,

71 00:05:51,851 --> 00:05:54,854 but because of the lack of inhibitions online,

72 00:05:54,896 --> 00:05:57,399 some people can take it too far.

73 00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:59,901 Second, cyberbullying.

74 00:05:59,943 --> 00:06:05,615 This is the repeated electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person.

75 00:06:05,657 --> 00:06:10,412 Cyberbullying can be just as harmful as bullying in real life.

76 00:06:10,453 --> 00:06:15,917 Due to the prevalence of social media, information travels fast.

77 00:06:15,959 --> 00:06:22,799 A viral tweet can lead to thousands of people acting like they know you and commenting hateful things.

78 00:06:22,841 --> 00:06:27,762 We live in a society where people get outraged over the simplest things,

79 00:06:27,804 --> 00:06:31,933 where anything you say can be misconstrued to be offensive.

80 00:06:31,975 --> 00:06:37,063 Third, internet trolling or posting inflammatory messages online

81 00:06:37,105 --> 00:06:40,191 in order to upset people and sow discord.

82 00:06:40,233 --> 00:06:42,611 There is no reasoning with trolls.

83 00:06:42,652 --> 00:06:47,574 The best practice is just to refuse to engage with them and report them.

84 00:06:47,616 --> 00:06:53,538 Fourth, hacking or unauthorized intrusion into a computer or network.

85 00:06:53,580 --> 00:06:56,625 This doesn't just mean professional hackers.

86 00:06:56,666 --> 00:06:59,544 Games can also be hacked with cheat codes.

87 00:06:59,586 --> 00:07:03,340 Don't do it, especially when playing multiplayer games.

88 00:07:03,381 --> 00:07:04,883 Earn your wins.

89 00:07:04,924 --> 00:07:12,349 Fifth, pirating or plagiarizing or copying and using other people's work without permission.

90 00:07:12,390 --> 00:07:19,105 Going back to the general principles, always pay or ask permission first.

91 00:07:19,147 --> 00:07:24,569 Sixth, sending spam or irrelevant and unsolicited messages.

92 00:07:24,611 --> 00:07:29,616 No one wants their important mail to be buried under insignificant ones.

93 00:07:29,658 --> 00:07:34,245 Seventh, impersonation or pretending to be someone else

94 00:07:34,287 --> 00:07:37,957 and posting material to get that person in trouble.

95 00:07:37,999 --> 00:07:41,002 You can ruin a person's reputation this way.

96 00:07:41,044 --> 00:07:45,298 You wouldn't want anyone to post fake news about you, would you?

97 00:07:45,340 --> 00:07:51,179 Eighth, and lastly, cyberstalking or repeated, intense harassment

98 00:07:51,221 --> 00:07:54,974 which induces stress and creates significant fear.

99 00:07:55,016 --> 00:08:00,939 Checking your crush's facebook, or instagram, or twitter, is not what's contemplated here.

100 00:08:00,981 --> 00:08:06,945 This refers to actual harassment through these platforms and frightening the other person.

101 00:08:06,986 --> 00:08:10,031 So. WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

102 00:08:10,073 --> 00:08:13,952 There has been a few social media campaigns with this phrase:

103 00:08:13,993 --> 00:08:15,995 THINK BEFORE YOU CLICK.

104 00:08:16,037 --> 00:08:18,581 It is still very relevant today.

105 00:08:18,623 --> 00:08:20,417 Awareness is key.

106 00:08:20,458 --> 00:08:23,586 Be critical of everything on the internet.

107 00:08:23,628 --> 00:08:28,591 Before you click that POST button, make sure that you're being responsible.

108 00:08:28,633 --> 00:08:32,554 Go through the guiding principles again and ask yourself:

109 00:08:32,595 --> 00:08:37,016 If I were the person I'm sending this to, how would I feel?

110 00:08:37,058 --> 00:08:39,019 ALWAYS REMEMBER!

111 00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:41,855 RESPECT, EDUCATE AND PROTECT.

112 00:08:41,896 --> 00:08:48,028 You can also go back to the 10 Commandments for computer ethics in the previous slides.

113 00:08:48,069 --> 00:08:53,408 You should UNDERSTAND yourself and be CONSCIOUS of ALL your decisions.

114 00:08:53,450 --> 00:08:58,997 Always keep the unethical practices and their consequences in mind.

115 00:08:59,038 --> 00:09:03,001 DO NOT ENGAGE IN UNETHICAL PRACTICES.

116 00:09:03,043 --> 00:09:06,880 Instead, if you see these practices online,

117 00:09:06,921 --> 00:09:09,799 JUST REPORT THEM.