1 00:00:39,706 --> 00:00:43,293 Good day. I'm Paula Filart and I'm here to talk to you about

2 00:00:43,335 --> 00:00:46,505 Creative Commons and Sharing in the Digital Age.

3 00:00:46,547 --> 00:00:51,260 As we know, the web is full of accessible content on almost anything.

4 00:00:51,301 --> 00:00:53,553 But with the ease of just copying,

5 00:00:53,595 --> 00:00:56,807 using or downloading everything off the internet,

6 00:00:56,848 --> 00:00:59,851 we run the risk of violating the creator's rights.

7 00:00:59,893 --> 00:01:04,314 We must remember that not everything on the web is free for our use.

8 00:01:04,356 --> 00:01:08,235 I'll start off discussing with a little bit about Copyright.

9 00:01:08,277 --> 00:01:13,407 Copyright is the protection accorded to original artistic and literary works,

10 00:01:13,448 --> 00:01:16,576 and are protected from the moment of their creation.

11 00:01:16,618 --> 00:01:22,124 Even Youtube videos, pictures posted on Facebook, poems published on blogs,

12 00:01:22,165 --> 00:01:24,501 these are all protected by copyright.

13 00:01:24,543 --> 00:01:29,756 What is important to remember is that consent is always required to print,

14 00:01:29,798 --> 00:01:38,432 publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic or musical material subject to copyright protection.

15 00:01:38,473 --> 00:01:44,479 As a general rule, we should assume that all works on the internet is protected by copyright

16 00:01:44,521 --> 00:01:47,524 and covered under its conventional copyright terms,

17 00:01:47,566 --> 00:01:51,111 or what we call the "all rights reserved" regime.

18 00:01:51,153 --> 00:01:55,282 However, entering into contract to get consent to use,

19 00:01:55,324 --> 00:02:00,871 say, a photo uploaded on the internet might be costly and time consuming.

20 00:02:00,912 --> 00:02:03,665 This is where Creative Commons come in.

21 00:02:03,707 --> 00:02:07,919 Creative Commons is a licensing regime to share creative works

22 00:02:07,961 --> 00:02:12,799 by offering several copyright licensses to the public, free of charge.

23 00:02:12,841 --> 00:02:15,427 It is based on the principle of copyright,

24 00:02:15,469 --> 00:02:19,348 and it gives the creator the means to share their work to the public

25 00:02:19,389 --> 00:02:25,145 with the conditions of their choice or what we call the "some rights reserved" regime.

26 00:02:25,187 --> 00:02:29,274 It promotes the creative re-use of intellectual and artistic works

27 00:02:29,316 --> 00:02:35,113 and doing away with the individual negotiations between the licensor and licensee.

28 00:02:35,155 --> 00:02:41,203 Now, here are some of the Platforms which host works protected by the Creative Commons Licenses

29 00:02:41,244 --> 00:02:43,789 or what we call CC Licenses.

30 00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:49,836 We have Flickr - a photo-sharing platform for photographers and photography enthusiasts.

31 00:02:49,878 --> 00:02:53,423 Youtube and Vimeo - a video-sharing platform,

32 00:02:53,465 --> 00:02:58,845 Bandcamp and Jamendo - music-licensing platforms and all of these other platforms.

33 00:02:58,887 --> 00:03:03,475 Now, how do you know if a work is covered under a Creative Commons License?

34 00:03:03,517 --> 00:03:05,852 If you see any of these symbols,

35 00:03:05,894 --> 00:03:09,648 then you'll know that they are licensed under the "Creative Commons" regime

36 00:03:09,689 --> 00:03:15,779 and that the creator has granted you some rights to his work, subject, of course, to certain restrictions.

37 00:03:15,821 --> 00:03:18,407 So, let's discuss these licenses further.

38 00:03:18,448 --> 00:03:21,576 Perhaps you've clicked on a picture on Wikipedia.

39 00:03:21,618 --> 00:03:26,331 If you notice, you'll see these combination of letters below the picture.

40 00:03:26,373 --> 00:03:31,128 For example, this picture has a CC BY 2.0 license.

41 00:03:31,169 --> 00:03:33,755 This is a creative commons license.

42 00:03:33,797 --> 00:03:36,633 Another example is this picture on Flickr.

43 00:03:36,675 --> 00:03:41,680 Instead of combination of letters, you see these combination of symbols.

44 00:03:41,721 --> 00:03:45,434 This work is also licensed under the "Creative Commons" regime.

45 00:03:45,475 --> 00:03:48,728 The first license we'll discuss is the Attribution license,

46 00:03:48,770 --> 00:03:52,774 usually represented by the letter BY or this symbol.

47 00:03:52,816 --> 00:04:00,490 This license allows you to copy, distribute, display, perform the work, make derivative works and remixes

48 00:04:00,532 --> 00:04:06,997 based on the original work but you must give the licensor the credits in the manner specified by the license.

49 00:04:07,038 --> 00:04:11,793 For example, if you see a picture on Flickr with the attribution symbol

50 00:04:11,835 --> 00:04:14,463 and you want to use it for your research paper,

51 00:04:14,504 --> 00:04:20,093 the symbol means that the owner has legally allowed you to use the picture without asking for his permission.

52 00:04:20,135 --> 00:04:24,264 The only restriction is that you give the creator proper attribution.

53 00:04:24,306 --> 00:04:26,016 So, how do we attribute?

54 00:04:26,057 --> 00:04:32,898 First, you name the author or the creator, and where applicable, provide a link to his profile.

55 00:04:32,939 --> 00:04:36,651 Second, provide the title of the work, if there is any,

56 00:04:36,693 --> 00:04:39,654 and the link to where the original work is hosted.

57 00:04:39,696 --> 00:04:44,534 Third, put in the CC License type, and a link to the license.

58 00:04:44,576 --> 00:04:47,954 The second license we'll talk about is the Share Alike license

59 00:04:47,996 --> 00:04:51,249 represented by the letters SA or this symbol.

60 00:04:51,291 --> 00:04:56,004 This allows anyone to copy, distribute, perform and modify

61 00:04:56,046 --> 00:04:59,508 as long as any of the modified work is distributed

62 00:04:59,549 --> 00:05:05,138 on the same terms or on terms "not more restricted" than the original work.

63 00:05:05,180 --> 00:05:09,100 For example, if you take a video from Youtube with an SA license

64 00:05:09,142 --> 00:05:13,188 and you want to include it in your own video which you will upload on the internet,

65 00:05:13,230 --> 00:05:18,818 your new video must carry the same terms and conditions as the video that you used.

66 00:05:18,860 --> 00:05:21,863 The third license is the Non-Commercial license

67 00:05:21,905 --> 00:05:25,033 represented by the letters NC or this symbol.

68 00:05:25,075 --> 00:05:29,412 This allows anyone to copy, display, distribute, perform

69 00:05:29,454 --> 00:05:33,792 and modify the work for any purpose other than commercial.

70 00:05:33,834 --> 00:05:38,839 Say you saw a nice picture online and you want to print them on mugs to give as Christmas gifts.

71 00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:41,841 If it has an NC license then you can do that,

72 00:05:41,883 --> 00:05:45,136 however, once you sell those mugs for a profit,

73 00:05:45,178 --> 00:05:50,100 then that is violating the CC license of the creator of the picture.

74 00:05:50,141 --> 00:05:52,435 The last is the No Derivatives license

75 00:05:52,477 --> 00:05:55,689 represented by the letters ND or this symbol.

76 00:05:55,730 --> 00:06:02,070 This allows you to copy, distribute, display, or perform original copies of the licensed content.

77 00:06:02,112 --> 00:06:09,578 However, no modification, remixes or other forms of derivatives is allowed without the creator's consent.

78 00:06:09,619 --> 00:06:16,084 So, if you take a picture online with an ND license, and you want to use that picture in your blog,

79 00:06:16,126 --> 00:06:19,296 you cannot modify or edit the picture as you please.

80 00:06:19,337 --> 00:06:21,965 You must use that picture as is.

81 00:06:22,007 --> 00:06:24,301 Now, there's a special license...

82 00:06:24,342 --> 00:06:26,970 We call it the CC0 license

83 00:06:27,012 --> 00:06:32,142 where there are no restrictions imposed and it waives as many rights as possible.

84 00:06:32,183 --> 00:06:37,480 It is a way to release material to the world and into the public domain.

85 00:06:37,522 --> 00:06:42,652 Now, here are the most common combinations of the licenses used.

86 00:06:42,694 --> 00:06:50,035 Among these, the BY license, and the BY-SA license give the most freedom to the user.

87 00:06:50,076 --> 00:06:56,458 The BY-SA license is akin to the "copyleft" free and open source software licenses.

88 00:06:56,499 --> 00:07:03,590 So, a work derived from an original work with a BY-SA license must allow commercial use as well.

89 00:07:03,632 --> 00:07:09,638 The BY-ND license allows redistribution, commercial or non-commercial,

90 00:07:09,679 --> 00:07:15,644 as long as the work is passed unchanged and in whole, duly crediting the creator thereof.

91 00:07:15,685 --> 00:07:21,191 The BY-NC license lets you remix, modify, or build upon the work,

92 00:07:21,232 --> 00:07:27,656 however, the original or derivative work must not likewise be distributed commercially.

93 00:07:27,697 --> 00:07:32,160 Now, these last two licenses are the most restrictive licenses.

94 00:07:32,202 --> 00:07:40,460 The BY-NC-SA license lets you remix, modify and build upon the original work, but you cannot distribute the work

95 00:07:40,502 --> 00:07:43,797 or the derivative you create in a commercial manner.

96 00:07:43,838 --> 00:07:49,761 In addition, the redistribution must be under identical terms as the original work used.

97 00:07:49,803 --> 00:07:55,100 The BY-NC-ND license only allows you to download the original work,

98 00:07:55,141 --> 00:07:58,853 and share it with others as long as you credit the original work.

99 00:07:58,895 --> 00:08:02,732 You cannot change it in any way or use it commercially.

100 00:08:02,774 --> 00:08:05,026 Now, to summarize everything,

101 00:08:05,068 --> 00:08:07,487 we must remember, as a general rule:

102 00:08:07,529 --> 00:08:11,825 always assume that everything you find in the web is subject to copyright

103 00:08:11,866 --> 00:08:14,744 and that all rights are reserved by the creator.

104 00:08:14,786 --> 00:08:19,290 Creative Commons lets you licensed your work under the terms that you want,

105 00:08:19,332 --> 00:08:23,753 allowing the public to use your work subject to some rights that you reserved.

106 00:08:23,795 --> 00:08:30,218 So remember, check the works you find online for the appropriate right granted by the creator, if any,

107 00:08:30,260 --> 00:08:35,724 or if CC Licenses are granted to avoid infringing the owner's copyright.

108 00:08:35,765 --> 00:08:38,560 Thank you for listening.